Should Marijuana Be Legalized - 985 Words

Legalize Marijuana Despite what people believe about marijuana, it hasn’t once proved to be the cause of any real issue. It makes you wonder what the reason as to why there is a war on drugs. Why is marijuana the main concern? Since the time that alcohol and tobacco became legal, people wonder why marijuana isn’t legal yet. The fact that marijuana is illegal is mainly caused by the amount of money, jobs, and pride invested in the drug war. Once the government starts anything, they stick to it. At one point alcohol was illegal due to the effects that came from intoxication. These effects alter and change the behavior of a lot of individuals; these changes persuade them to do things that they would never do. Also, getting drunk can cause serious harm to your brain, this would mean that alcohol is indicated as a threat to human health. However, marijuana has a medical property which raises the question of why is it illegal. This drug can relieve pain for the users, and is beneficial to the everyday person for relief of migraines. It has even been tested and proven to have no drawbacks unlike other drugs such as sleep aids, alcohol, and cigarettes. (18 Biggest Problems with Modern Medicine. 18 Biggest Problems with Modern Medicine. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2015.) Other countries like Canada have already allowed medical marijuana use. (â€Å"17 Legal Medical Marijuana States and DC – Medical Marijuana – ProCon.org.† 05 Dec. 2015.) However with all this positive feed onto the reasonsShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legalized?849 Words   |  4 Pageswhether marijuana should be legalized. Around 23 states have legalized marijuana for medical and recreational use. In the state of Illinois, medicinal use of marijuana has been passed on April 17, 2013. Since January 2014, patients are able to obta in marijuana with a doctor s recommendation. The new debate is whether marijuana should be legalized for the general public as a recreational drug. Although some believe that marijuana is harmless, and that it has beneficial medicinal uses, marijuana shouldRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1715 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana in Society Cannabis, formally known as marijuana is a drug obtained from the tops, stems and leaves of the hemp plant cannabis. The drug is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world. Only substances like caffeine, nicotine and alcohol are used more (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). In the U. S. where some use it to feel â€Å"high† or get an escape from reality. The drug is referred to in many ways; weed, grass, pot, and or reefer are some common names used to describe the drug (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). Like mostRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1489 Words   |  6 Pagescannabis plant or marijuana is intended for use of a psychoactive drug or medicine. It is used for recreational or medical uses. In some religions, marijuana is predominantly used for spiritual purposes. Cannabis is indigenous to central and south Asia. Cannabis has been scientifically proven that you can not die from smoking marijuana. Marijuana should be legalized to help people with medical benefits, econo mic benefits, and criminal benefits. In eight states, marijuana was legalized for recreationalRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1245 Words   |  5 PagesMarijuana is a highly debatable topic that is rapidly gaining attention in society today.   Legalizing marijuana can benefit the economy of this nation through the creation of jobs, increased tax revenue, and a decrease in taxpayer money spent on law enforcement.   Ã‚  Many people would outlaw alcohol, cigarettes, fast food, gambling, and tanning beds because of the harmful effects they have on members of a society, but this is the United States of America; the land of the free and we should give peopleRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1010 Words   |  5 PagesThe legalization of marijuana became a heated political subject in the last few years. Twenty-one states in America have legalized medical marijuana. Colorado and Washington are the only states where marijuana can be purchased recreationally. Marijuana is the high THC level part of the cannabis plant, which gives users the â€Å"high† feeling. There is ample evidence that supports the argument that marijuana is beneficial. The government should legalize marijuana recreationally for three main reasonsRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1350 Words   |  6 Pagespolitics in the past decade would have to be the legalization of marijuana. The sale and production of marijuana have been legalized for medicinal uses in over twenty states and has been legalized for recreational uses in seven states. Despite the ongoing support for marijuana, it has yet to be fully legalized in the federal level due to cultural bias against â€Å"pot† smoking and the focus over its negative effects. However, legalizing marijuana has been proven to decrease the rate of incrimination in AmericaRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1231 Words   |  5 Pagesshows the positive benefits of marijuana, it remains illegal under federal law. In recent years, numerous states have defied federal law and legalized marijuana for both recreational and medicinal use. Arizona has legalized marijuana for medical use, but it still remains illegal to use recreationally. This is absurd, as the evidence gathered over the last few decades strongly supports the notion that it is safer than alcohol, a widely available substance. Marijuana being listed as a Schedule I drugRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1457 Words   |  6 PagesSHOULD MARIJUANA BE LEGALIZED? Marijuana is a drug that has sparked much controversy over the past decade as to whether or not it should be legalized. People once thought of marijuana as a bad, mind-altering drug which changes a person’s personality which can lead to crime and violence through selling and buying it. In the past, the majority of citizens believed that marijuana is a harmful drug that should be kept off the market and out of the hands of the public. However, a recent study conductedRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1596 Words   |  7 Pages But what needs to be known before a user can safely and completely make the decision if trying Marijuana is a good idea? Many do not want the drug to be legalized because they claim that Cannabis is a â€Å"gateway drug†, meaning it will cause people to try harder drugs once their body builds up a resistance to Marijuana, because a stronger drug will be needed to reach a high state. This argument is often falsely related to the medical si de of the debate over legalization. It is claimed that this wouldRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1145 Words   |  5 PagesLegalizing Marijuana Marijuana is a drug that has been actively used for centuries. This drug can be traced back to 2737 BC by the Chinese emperor Shen Nung. He spoke about the euphoric effects of Cannabis and even referred to it as the â€Å"Liberator of Sin.† Since early on, marijuana was seen as a medicinal plant that was recommended for medical uses. Marijuana is currently in schedule I, which means that physicians are not allowed to prescribe it in the United States (Hart, Ksir 2013). This drug

The Kite Runner Symbolism Analysis - 753 Words

Shajanika Rasu Ms.Gulej ENG2D1 1 May 2017 SYMBOLS USED IN KHALED HOSSEINI’S THE KITE RUNNER Symbolism is a literary device found in all mediums. Symbols are marks or words that designate the significant features in a piece of literature. They allow people to connect to the many concepts found in the literary works. The novel The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, showcases this notion of symbolism well. These symbols come full circle by the end of the novel as they represent pivotal moments in the close bond Amir and Hassan share. Within the novel, Hosseini uses a kite to symbolize the themes of loyalty and power, blood to symbolize familial bonds and violence-against self and others, and a slingshot to symbolize self-defence and childhood.†¦show more content†¦It is Baba’s blood that creates the half-brother bond between them. Secondly, the blood represents self-inflicted harm within the novel. For instance, in the quote, â€Å"the water drops dripping from the faucet and landing with a plink into the b loody bath water; the left arm dangling over the side of the tub, the blood-soaked razor sitting on the toilet tank† (Hosseini 366), Amir describes what he saw in the bathroom where Sohrab attempted suicide. Since blood is involved in Sohrab’s suicide, blood represents the self-inflicted harm. Lastly, blood represents the general violence as seen throughout the novel. A woman and a man were stoned to death by the Taliban at the Ghazi stadium and their clothes were soaked in blood. Horrendous moments of war time in Afghanistan which resulted in blood can be considered as general violence. Therefore, â€Å"Blood is a powerful thing, bachem† (Hosseini 324). The third instance of symbolism in Hosseini’s novel is the sling-shot. Firstly, it demonstrates self-defence. For example, â€Å"His hand was cocked above his shoulder, holding the cup of the slingshot at the end of the elastic band which was pulled all the way back† (Hosseini 304), at this point, Sohrab raises his sling shot and points at Assef’s left eye. He points the slingshot at Assef in an attempt to stop him from beating Amir furthermore and as a self-defence for him and Amir. This moment was emphasized earlier in novel when Hassan once used hisShow MoreRelatedThe Kite Runner Symbolism Analysis709 Words   |  3 Pages ‘The Kite Runner’ by Khaled Hosseini is a story that is set against a chain of horrific events, from the fall of Afghanistans monarchy to the Soviet military intervention and how young adults make it through. The author uses several symbols throughout the text such as kites, pomegranate trees, and the harelip to bring out the theme of loyalty and friendship. The most important symbol Khaled uses in the novel is the Eid sacrifice which represents Hassan. In Islam, a sheep is sacrificed to showRead MoreSymbolism Of Kite Running By Khaled Hosseini1243 Words   |  5 PagesKali Denney Mr. Snyder AP Literature and Composition 11 December 2015 Symbolism of Kite Running In this essay the book being discussed is, Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini. Khaled Hosseini’s biography will be discussed as well as the historical influences upon him that affect the novel as a whole. The essay will contain a critical analysis as well as an analysis of the critical response to the work by others. In the novel and now a grown man, the main character Amir recalls events in his childhoodRead MoreHow does Hosseini tell the story of the kite runner in chapter 1?942 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿How does Hosseini tell the story of the Kite Runner in chapter 1? Khaled Hosseini uses a veritable smorgasbord of literary and narrative techniques to tell the story of ‘The Kite Runner’. From engaging in the use of foreshadowing and symbolism, to characterisation and the way he styles his prose. Below is an analysis of how he does so. As mentioned, Hosseini’s use of foreshadowing almost encapsulates the chapter. Baba states that â€Å"God [should] help us all†, anticipating the Talibans takeoverRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1574 Words   |  7 PagesHosseini’s, The Kite Runner, is love. The Kite Runner follows Amir, the main character, finding redemption from a series of traumatic childhood events. Throughout the novel, the author uses many powerful symbols to represent the complexity of love that many experience in relationships. The use of the kite, the pomegranate tree, the slingshot, and the cleft lip all tie together to underscore a universal theme of love. To begin, the most explicit symbol present in the book is the kite. The kite representsRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesLine 58 Understanding and Appreciating Individual Differences Important Areas of Self-Awareness 61 Emotional Intelligence 62 Values 65 Ethical Decision Making and Values 72 Cognitive Style 74 Attitudes Toward Change 76 Core Self-Evaluation 79 SKILL ANALYSIS 84 Cases Involving Self-Awareness 84 Communist Prison Camp 84 Computerized Exam 85 Decision Dilemmas 86 SKILL PRACTICE 89 Exercises for Improving Self-Awareness Through Self-Disclosure 89 Through the Looking Glass 89 Diagnosing Managerial Characteristics

Comparison Of Post Stroke Rehabilitation Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Stroke is considered to be the 3rd cause of decease and disablement for 1000000s of people in both developed states ( 1 ) . Stroke is the clinical manifestation of a broad scope of pathologies, with different etiologies and forecasts, and many hazard factors. Stroke is defined as a syndrome characterized by quickly developing clinical symptoms and/or marks of focal loss of intellectual map, in which symptoms last more than 24 hours or take to decease, with no evident cause other than that it is a vascular beginning. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison Of Post Stroke Rehabilitation Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Stroke victims who survive the first onslaught may hold prevailing damages such as cognitive damages, upper and lower limb damages and address disablements. The United land ‘s prevalence of shot in the population is estimated to be 47 per 10000 doing stroke the most common cause of big physical disablement ( 1 ; 2 ; 3 ) . Stroke rehabilitation is a chief factor in assisting shot subsisters to recover their functional ability when medical and surgical intercessions are limited ( 4 ) . Physical therapy plays a major function in shot rehabilitation. Physical healers choose the continuance and type of therapy given and supply instruction for shot patients. Stroke rehabilitation purposes at giving the patients the ability to recover maximal and full potency in functional activities and Restoration of motor control ( 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 4 ) . Three chief factors in rehabilitation contribute to the velocity and quality of recovery. These factors are: intervention session continuance and frequence, type of intervention attack used for rehabilitation, and supplying instruction about the status for patients during and after therapy ( 2 ; 3 ; 6 ; 8 ; 7 ) . Physical therapy rehabilitation for shot patients is designed to impact the disablements and damages associated with station shot conditions. Rehabilitation is chiefly aimed at restricting any impairment of damages and maximising the functional degree for patients enduring from shot. To be able to present this, physical healers should follow a certain set of guidelines which will see better results and avoid unneeded patterns that could protract and detain optimal addition of map ( 5 ; 6 ) . It is ill-defined whether physical healers in Kuwait follow any specific guidelines in shot rehabilitation. Therefore, it would be plausible to larn more about current local rehabilitation processs. This may assist in the farther development of local rehabilitation processs and pattern guidelines, optimisation of intervention and rehabilitation direction, betterment in shot patient ‘s wellness and quality of life, and minimisation of conflicted rehabilitation patterns that prolong therapy which in bend affect and burthen the wellness system with increased figure of patients ( 5 ; 9 ; 7 ; 10 ) . We hypothesize that shot rehabilitation in Kuwait follows general guidelines and scientific discipline based patterns in shot rehabilitation. Therefore the purposes of this survey are to: Explore if stroke rehabilitation in Kuwait follow general guidelines of shot rehabilitation sing frequence of intervention Sessionss and continuance of each session. Investigate if physical healers specialising in the field of neuroscience in Kuwait follow general guidelines of shot rehabilitation sing their intervention attacks. Identify if instruction is being provided for shot patients about their status during and after rehabilitation. Literature Reappraisal: Stroke is defined as a syndrome in which clinical symptoms and/or marks of intellectual map loss develop quickly, and last for more than 24 hours or consequence in decease. Stroke can be classified harmonizing to the cause, which is either ischaemic or haemorrhagic. Ischemic strokes history for 85 % of all shots, while 15 % history for haemorrhagic shots. Over 10 % of patients who had a first shot will hold a 2nd one within a twelvemonth, and the hazard of return within 5 old ages is 15-42 % ( 1 ) . There are a broad scope of conditions that lead to stroke, such as high blood pressure and diabetes. Each twelvemonth, 5.45 million deceases are attributed to stroke, and over 9 million survive. Survivors frequently experience a broad scope of prevailing damages. Common damages include Physical disablement, cognitive damage, Lower limb damages, and address troubles. ( 1 ) Rehabilitation is an of import portion after endurance from a shot. Rehabilitation was defined in the New Zealand guideline for direction of shot as ‘a problem-solving and educational procedure aimed at cut downing the disablement and disability experienced by person as a consequence of disease, ever within the restrictions imposed by both available resources and the implicit in disease ‘ ( 12 ) . It ‘s of extreme importance that the shot patient understands, and receives instruction refering his/her status and what restrictions may prevail, even after rehabilitation ( 12 ) . Reker D. M. et Al, researched whether attachment to post shot guidelines was associated with greater patient satisfaction. They used a prospective origin cohort survey design for new shot admittances, including post-acute attention, and they made follow-up interviews at 6 months after the shot hurt. Two hundred and 80 eight patients were included in the survey, from 11 Veterans Affairs medical Centres ( VAMCs ) . The chief result steps used in this survey were: 1 ) conformity with the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality ( AHRQ ) , 2 ) patient satisfaction with attention provided, and 3 ) stroke-specific instruments. Consequences have shown that, for every 10 % percent addition in guidelines conformity, the mean value of patient satisfaction additions by 1.5 points for the average overall satisfaction mark, which ranges from 4 to 39, and includes points for hospital satisfaction, place satisfaction, and overall satisfaction. The survey concluded that conformity to AHRQ guidelin es is significantly associated with patient satisfaction. ( 6 ) Several comparings between Stroke Rehabilitation Protocols/ guidelines have been performed. This is good in set uping the best intervention, with respects to dosing, strength, continuance, every bit good as efficiency and efficaciousness of intercessions. A survey by McNaughton H, et al 3 examined the pattern and results of shot rehabilitation between New Zealand and the United States installations. This survey used a Prospective experimental cohort design and included 1161 participants from six United States ( U.S. ) Rehabilitation installations and 130 participants from one New Zealand rehabilitation installation, all above the age of 18 old ages. In this survey, New Zealand patients were older than the United States patients. However, the badness of initial shot was higher for the U.S. patients. Despite that fact, patients in the U.S. were discharged earlier. They besides had more intensive therapy, represented in higher continuances spent with physical therapy and occupational th erapy professionals. Besides, U.S therapists tended to pass less clip on appraisal and non-functional activities, while concentrating more on active direction of patients. Consequences showed that, U.S. participants had better outcomes represented by alterations in Functional Independence Measure FIM tonss and fewer discharges to institutional attention ( 13.2 % vs. 21.5 % ) . This survey illustrates that continuance and strength of therapy can be adjusted to derive a better result. Besides, it is of import to cognize which activities are being done in the intervention session, and happen out if they contribute to a better result of rehabilitation. ( 9 ) Horn et Al. investigated the consequence of specific rehabilitation therapies in shot rehabilitation on results, taking into history the differences between patients. In this survey, they wanted to analyze the associations between patient features, rehabilitation therapies, neurotropic medicine, nutritionary support, and clip of get downing therapy with functional results and discharge finish for shot inmates. Discharge entire, motor, and cognitive FIM ( functional independency step ) tonss and discharge finishs were registered for 830 patients with moderate or terrible shots from five U.S. inmate rehabilitation installations. Consequences showed that earlier induction of rehabilitation, clip spent in higher-level rehabilitation activities, such as upper-extremity control, pace and job resolution, use of newer psychiatric medicines, and stomachic eating, were all associated with better results. The survey besides illustrated that a assortment of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy , and Speech Language Pathology activities were correlated with higher or lower FIM tonss. On one manus, more proceedingss spent per twenty-four hours on PT pace activities, OT upper-extremity control activities and place direction, and SLP job work outing activities were associated significantly with higher FIM tonss. On the other manus, more proceedingss spent per twenty-four hours on PT bed mobility and posing, OT bed mobility, and SLP audile comprehension and orientation were systematically associated with lower FIM tonss. ( 10 ) One survey described Physical Therapy intercession for shot patients in inmate installations within the U.S. ( 12 ) . Six rehabilitation installations in the U.S. included 972 topics with stroke hurt. Variables studied were clip spent in therapy, and content and activities that were used in rehabilitation. The average continuance of stay in the inmate installations was 18.7 yearss, and received PT was on an norm of 13.6 yearss. Patient spent 57.15 proceedingss on norm for Physical therapy intervention mundane. Activities of pace, transferring, and pre-functional activities, which include beef uping exercisings, balance preparation, and motor acquisition, were the most performed intercessions. Besides, healers included activities that incorporated different maps into one functional activity. This survey implicated that a focal point of physical healer when supplying intervention is optimising functional activities, as they were the most frequent activities performed. However, activiti es to rectify damages and to counterbalance for lost maps were besides included in the intervention Sessionss. ( 12 ) Brocklehurst, et Al. investigated the usage of physical therapy, occupational therapy, and address therapy for patients enduring from shot, as they mentioned that those intercessions formed the footing of shot rehabilitation. The survey included 135 shot patients from five general and one geriatric infirmary, in South Manchester. Of the 135 topics, 107 received PT, 35 received OT, and 19 received speech therapy. Consequences were obtained after mensurating the rate of alteration in map over a one twelvemonth period. Patients who had more terrible disablements, and the worst forecast, were more likely to acquire physical therapy intervention. Factors that determine type and specificity of physical therapy to stroke rehabilitation were besides examined. Some of the factors were extent of disablement, and disability-associated morbidities, such as faecal incontinency, spasticity, centripetal loss and dysphasia. Even though the most handicapped received the most physical therapy interven tion, they showed the least betterment in map even after six months of therapy. This survey besides concluded that patients whose advancement was poorest, received more physical therapy. ( 4 ) Hsiu-Chen Huang et Al, investigated the impact of timing and dosage of rehabilitation bringing on the functional recovery of patients enduring from shot. In this survey, a retrospective reappraisal of medical charts was done for 76 patients who were admitted to a regional infirmary for a first-ever shot. Patients had multidisciplinary rehabilitation plans, including PT, OT, and a uninterrupted rehabilitation for at least three months. The chief result step for this survey was the Barthel index, taken at initial appraisal, one month, three months, six months and one twelvemonth after shot. Consequences of this survey showed that there is a dose-dependent consequence of rehabilitation on functional result betterments of shot patients. Besides, earlier bringing of rehabilitation is associated with permanent effects on functional recovery up to one twelvemonth post-stroke. ( 13 ) It is ill-defined whether physical healers follow grounds based pattern many states of the universe including Kuwait. There is no uncertainty the epoch of grounds based pattern is upon us for many grounds including better intervention results, patient satisfaction, reimbursement amongst others. In one study survey, conducted by Iles and Davidson, scrutiny of physical healers ‘ current pattern in Australia was undertaken. This survey found that there are several barriers in the manner of evidence-based pattern. Those barriers included clip to remain up to day of the month, entree to diaries, entree to sum-ups of grounds that are easy to understand, and deficiency of personal accomplishments in looking for and measuring research grounds. ( 14 ) Salbach et Al, examined the determiners of research usage in clinical determination devising among physical healers handling post-stroke patients. Two hundred and sixty three physical healers from the province of Ontario, Canada, responded to a study questionnaire, incorporating points for measuring practician and organisational features and perceptual experience of research believed to be act uponing evidence-based pattern. The study besides contained the frequence of utilizing research grounds in clinical determination devising in a typical month. Consequences showed that, merely a little per centum of healers ( 13.33 % ) reported utilizing research in clinical determination devising six times a month or more. However, most healers ( 52.9 % ) reported utilizing research 2-5 times a month, while 33.8 % used research 0-1 clip per month. In this survey, research usage was associated with the academic readying in the rules of Evidence-Based Practice ( EBP ) , research engagement, servi ce as a clinical teacher, being self-effective in implementing EBP, attitude towards research, perceived organisational support of research usage, and entree to bibliographic databases at work. This survey concluded that a 3rd of healers seldom apply research grounds in clinical determination devising. Suggested intercessions to advance research usage included instruction in the rules of EBP, EBP self-efficacy, holding a postitive attitude towards research, and engagement in research. ( 7 ) A survey by Ogiwara, made a comparing between the bases of intervention between Nipponese physical healers, and Swedish healers. They investigated the grounds why the Japanese choose certain attacks of intervention when managing shot patients, and so compared the consequences with those of Swedish healers. Swedish healers attributed their pick of intervention to hands-on experience and engagement in practical classs, in which assorted techniques are taught. Bobath ‘s attack was the lone method that was normally continued to be used after graduation in both states. Consequences have illustrated that Swedish healers were more interested in new methods of intervention ( 91 % ) , whereas merely 77 % of Nipponese healers had an involvement. Implication of their consequences might intend that Nipponese healers are interested in their intervention attack, and besides show that presenting new attacks of interventions takes a longer clip in comparing to Sweden. Additionally, Swedish hea lers tend to do a combination of intervention attacks, while Nipponese physical healers tend to follow merely one peculiar attack. Several grounds were speculated for turn toing the differences in intervention protocols, some of which were: 1 ) diverseness of civilizations, 2 ) diverseness of wellness the attention system, 3 ) handiness of equipment and infinite needed to follow a certain new attack, 4 ) belief of efficaciousness of a certain attack and 5 ) the linguistic communication barrier imposed on Nipponese healer, and handiness of translated literature. This survey showed that there are several barriers and differences encountered when the demand of application of new attacks is desired. ( 8 ) Wachters-Kaufmann et Al, conducted a survey sing the conferring of information for shot patients and health professionals. Their survey investigated how information was provided to patients and health professionals and how they really preferred to be informed. The existent and coveted information correspond in footings of content, frequence, and method of presentations good as the existent and coveted information. The survey was done in the North of the Netherlands and the shot unit of University infirmary Groningen. The General practicians ( GP ) distributed a usher from a community-based survey of cognitive upsets and quality of life ( CognitiVA ) after a shot. The usher was given three months after the shot. For the concluding measuring of the survey, which was 12 months subsequently, the patients and health professionals participated in a telephone study, which asked about three things: 1 ) professional stroke-care suppliers, 2 ) other beginnings of information, 3 ) the usher. Fi fty one patients and 38 health professionals were contacted, of which 18 patients and 11 health professionals declined to be interviewed for assorted grounds. The consequences showed that the GP ‘s, brain doctor, and physical healers were both the existent and coveted information suppliers. As for the content, the existent content was the usher, whereas the desired was largely medical information refering the class of the disease, its cause, effects, and intervention. Sing the frequence, the existent and desired was within 24 hours of the shot, and one twenty-four hours to two hebdomads subsequently, and after two hebdomads. As for the method of presentation of information, the patients and health professionals largely desired merely verbal ( 73 % patients, 89 % health professionals ) . ( 15 ) Methods This comparative design research undertaking will compare the shot rehabilitation plan implemented in Kuwait with the established guidelines for shot rehabilitation in the United States of America. The rehabilitation plan shot patients are having in Kuwait ‘s Ministry of Health infirmaries, specifically, Al-Jahra, Mubarak, Farwanya, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Al-Sabah infirmaries will be investigated. Subjects of the survey will be physical healers practising in the shot rehabilitation field. We will supply physical healers experienced in shot rehabilitation with self-administered questionnaires, which will be collected after one hebdomad. We will besides analyze patient records over a three hebdomad period. To entree the records, we will acquire permission from the caput of the physical therapy section of each infirmary every bit good as each infirmaries manager. Institutional Review Board ( IRB ) blessing will be obtained prior to any informations aggregation. Blessing from the Ministry of Health ‘s IRB will be obtained every bit good as blessing from Kuwait University. Data will so be compared with the established American Stroke Guidelines. All informations gathered during the survey will be kept under lock and cardinal. Any identifiable information obtained from patient files and records will merely be accessible to the primary research worker. No identifiable information will be used for publication intents. Confidentiality will be insured throughout the survey continuance. Subjects: The topics of this survey will be physical healers working in Kuwait ‘s Ministry of Health infirmaries ‘ neurology section and with experience in out-patient shot rehabilitation. Tools: To look into the frequence and continuance of intervention, we will look into the records, which are the patients ‘ files. There is besides a subdivision in the questionnaire that will inquire about the frequence and continuance of Sessionss. As for happening out the intervention attack patients are having, a self-administered questionnaire will be distributed at selected MOH infirmaries, specifically at Al-Jahra, Mubarak, Farwanya, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Al-Sabah infirmaries. Therapists will be given the questionnaire to make full out. In order to measure the type of instruction given to patients, educational ushers, or booklets, about the patient ‘s status available at the infirmary and distributed to patients will be looked at. The questionnaire will besides inquire about different patient instruction techniques used by the participants. For comparing of informations, we will compare the information we obtain with the American Stroke Association guidelines. Questionnaire: The questionnaire will dwell of several inquiries used in the Ogiwara ( 8 ) questionnaire every bit good as others pertinent to our survey population. The questionnaire will dwell of four parts: demographic information inquiries refering the healer ‘s professional history and experience inquiries refering the rehabilitation plan: intervention attack, and frequence and continuance of Sessionss. inquiries refering the types of instruction techniques Each questionnaire will hold a cover missive explicating the intent of the survey, and a consent signifier. Datas Analysis The information will be analyzed utilizing SPSS ( Statistical Package for Social Sciences ) ( v. 15.0 ) to depict agencies, standard divergences, frequences, and per centums. Once the information is analyzed, we will compare the information we collected with the general guidelines and intervention attacks in the literature. Expected Results and Recommendations Our outlook for this survey is that physical healers in the province of Kuwait will be following the American shot rehabilitation guidelines. Due to cultural differences between the two states, set uping new guidelines for the shot rehabilitation in Kuwait might be necessary, turn toing the nature of referral to physical therapy in Kuwait, and doing recommendations for increasing intervention continuance if needed. Besides, it should be mentioned what type of particular equipment might be used in the procedure of rehabilitation. Mentions Rudd A, Olfe C.W. ( 2002, Feb ) . Aetiology and pathology of shot. Vol. 9, pg 32-36. Hafsteinsdottir T.B, Vergunst M, Lindeman E, Schuurmans M. ( 2010, 29 July ) . Educational demands of patients with a shot and their health professionals: A systematic reappraisal of the literature. www.elsevier.com/locate/pateducou Hoffman T, McKenna K, Herd C, Wearing S. Written stroke stuffs for shot patients and their carers: positions and patterns of wellness professionals. Top Stroke Rehabil 2007 ; 14 ( 1 ) :88-97 Brocklehurst J.C, Andrews K, Richards B, Laycock P. J. ( 1978, 20 MAY ) . How much physical therapy for patients with shot? Vol. 1, 1307- 1310. British Medical diary. Kollen, B, Kwakkel G, Lindeman E. ( 2006, 11 July ) . Functional Recovery After Stroke: A Review of Current Developments in Stroke Rehabilitation Research. Vol.1, No.1, 75-80. Reker D.M, A ; Duncan P. W, Horner R.D, Hoenig H, Samsa G.P, Hamilton B, Dudley T.K. ( 2002, June ) Postacute Stroke Guideline Compliance Is Associated With Greater Patient Satisfaction. Arch Phys Med Rehabil Vol. 83, pg 750-756. Salbach, M.N, Guilcher JT.S, Jaglal B.S, Davis D.A. ( 2010 ) Determinants of research usage in clinical determination devising among physical healers supplying services post-stroke: a cross-sectional survey. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.implementationscience.com/content/5/1/77 Ogiwara S. ( 1997 ) Physical therapy in shot rehabilitation: A comparing of bases for intervention between Japan and Sweden.vol.9 Pg. 63-69, Journal of physical therapy scientific disciplines. McNaughton H, DeJong G, Smout R.J, Melvin J.L, Brandstater M. ( 2005, Dec ) A Comparison of Stroke Rehabilitation Practice and Outcomes Between New Zealand and United States Facilities. Vol. 86, suppl.2, Arch Phys Med Rehabil. Horn, S.D, DeJong G. Smout R.J, Gassaway J, James R, Conroy B. ( 2005, Dec ) Stroke Rehabilitation Patients, Practice, and Results: Is Earlier and More Aggressive Therapy Better? Vol. 86, pg. 101-114, suppl. 2, Arch Phys Med Rehabil. Life after shot: New Zealand guideline for direction of shot ( November 2003 ) . Jette, D.U, Latham N.K, Smout R.J, Gassaway J, Slavin M.D, Horn S.D ( 2005, March ) Physical Therapy Interventions for Patients With Stroke in Inpatient Rehabilitation Facilities. Vol. 85, num. 3, pg. 238-248, physical therapy. Huang H, Chung K, Lai D, Sung S. The Impact of Timing and Dose of Rehabilitation Delivery on Functional Recovery of Stroke Patients ( J Chin Med Assoc: May 2009, Vol 72, No 5 ) Iles R, Davidson M. Evidence based pattern: a study of physical therapists ‘ current pattern. Physiother. Res. Int. 11 ( 2 ) 93-103 ( 2006 ) Watchers-Kaufmann C, Schuling J, The H, Jong B. Actual and desired information proviso after a shot. Patient Education and Reding 56 ( 2005 ) 211-217 Appendixs Appendix 1 E. Patient and Family/Caregiver Education Background The patient and family/caregivers should be given information and provided with an chance to larn about the causes and effects of shot, possible complications, and the ends, procedure, and forecast of rehabilitation. Recommendations Recommend that patient and family/caregiver instruction be provided in an synergistic and written format. Recommend that clinicians consider placing a specific squad member to be responsible for supplying information to the patient and family/caregiver about the nature of the shot, stroke direction rehabilitation and outcome outlooks, and their functions in the rehabilitation procedure. Acknowledge that the household conference is a utile agencies of information airing. Recommend that patient and household instruction be documented in the patient ‘s medical record to forestall the happening of extra or conflicting information from different subjects. N. Educate Patient/Family, Reach Shared Decision About Rehabilitation Program, and Determine Treatment Plan Aim Ensure the apprehension of common ends among staff, household, and health professionals in the shot rehabilitation procedure and, hence, optimise the patient ‘s functional recovery and community reintegration. Recommendations Recommend that the clinical squad and family/caregiver reach a shared determination about the rehabilitation plan. A A A The clinical squad should suggest the preferable environment for rehabilitation and interventions on the footing of outlooks for recovery. A A A Describe to the patient and household the intervention options, including the rehabilitation and recovery procedure, forecast, estimated length of stay, frequence of therapy, and discharge standards. A A A The patient, household, health professional, and rehabilitation squad should find the optimum environment for rehabilitation and preferable intervention. Recommend that the rehabilitation plan be guided by specific ends developed in consensus with the patient, household, and rehabilitation squad. Recommend that the patient ‘s family/caregiver participate in the rehabilitation Sessionss and be trained to help patient with functional activities, when needed. Recommend that patient and health professional instruction be provided in an synergistic and written format. Supply the patient and household with an information package that may include printed stuff on topics such as the recommencement of drive, patient rights/responsibilities, support group information, and audiovisual plans on shot. Recommend that the elaborate intervention program be documented in the patient ‘s record to supply incorporate rehabilitation attention. Intensity of Therapy The heterogeneousness of the surveies in all aspects-patients, designs, interventions, comparings, result steps, and results-combined with the boundary line consequences in many of the tests limits the specificity and strength of any decisions that can be drawn from them. Overall, the tests support the general construct that rehabilitation can better functional results, peculiarly in patients with lesser grades of damage. Weak grounds exists for a dose-response relationship between the strength of the rehabilitation intercession and the functional results. However, the deficiency of definition of lower thresholds, below which the intercession is useless, and upper thresholds, above which the fringy betterment is minimum, for any intervention, makes it impossible to bring forth specific guidelines. Partridge et al did non happen any differences in functional and psychological tonss at 6 hebdomads in 104 patients randomized between a criterion of 30 and 60 proceedingss of physical therapy. Kwakkel et al randomized 101 middle-cerebral-artery shot patients with arm and leg damage to extra arm preparation accent, leg preparation accent, or arm and leg immobilisation, each intervention enduring 30 proceedingss, 5 yearss a hebdomad, for 20 hebdomads. At 20 hebdomads the leg preparation group scored better for ADLs, walking, and sleight than the control group, whereas the arm preparation group scored better merely for sleight. The clinical tests provide weak grounds for a dose response relationship of strength to functional results. How to cite Comparison Of Post Stroke Rehabilitation Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Smartphones and Tablets Take-up and use in Australia

Question: Describe about social media ? Give a brief description about Smartphones and Tablets in Australia. Answer: Introduction to social media These days everything is getting digitalized. We have become a part of the digital world. Today we live in two worlds one is the real world and the other one is digital world. In this era of technology everything is taking a digital form. Big companies, organizations ,firms ,government ,education sector ,industrial sector and many more fields are using digital media for executing work and for promotion ,marketing as well as for advertisement. We can say that we are now addicted to the digital world whether we believe it or not. Now the most important part of digital media is social media. Yes social media is the most exciting and most popular trend these days .Now what is social media? Social media can be said platforms based on internet consisting of social sites and portals which connect people all across the world .It uses internet facility for its execution tools like mobile apps of social sites are the medium or the passageway to the social media world. Popular examples of socia l media is face Book, YouTube, Twitter etc.. These social media sites are very popular among all the sections of the society .And they are also very popular among different age groups starting from a kid of 10 years to an old senior citizen with his one leg in the coffin .The age group which is most influenced by this media is the teenage group. The teenage group is very strongly influenced by social media to the root level (Babin, S. 2007). It has affected their lives more negatively than positively the reason being addiction. They are trying to find an escape in the social media, they are frustrated from their busy educational schedule so the entertainment and pleasure which this digital world provides is kind of relief to their soul ironically. But a fact which is unknown or known but still ignored is that this addiction is hampering their lifestyle resulting in pointless depression, anxiety and damaged biological cycle .Late night chats and surfing has damaged the normal healthy routine of youngsters. Actually these people are using these social media sites after seeing their close ones .They are just copying a trend and turning into slaves. And these slaves because of the addiction are destroying their own lives with their own hands. Not saying social media is the worst thing ever invented but an addiction to this thing is like hitting our own head with a stick. The usage of this media should be very limited; its usage should be restricted to the benefits which it provides. It should be part of our lives but there should be a boundary where it should be stopped. Attachment with social media is a compulsory these day, like food ,clothes, house and money social media has also became an important necessity to live life .Social media has changed lives of many people across the globe whether positively or negatively. It has influenced lives of many human beings, it can be said that it has influenced deeply the mindset and the working of human beings in the rec ent years the communication scene has been changed now connectivity is in click away. We can stay in a jungle and can still connect to our close ones just with the help of click or a tap on your mobile phones .Thus we can imagine how powerful communication has became in this era. Firstly the mobile phones were not so much powerful and advanced only talking over the phone was possible .Moreover people were not handy with that gadget. But now if we look at the scene then it is totally upside down even a kid studying in the primary section owns a mobile phone though he is not any business man, industrialist or any kind of busy person but still he is the possessor of that gadget only because that gadget is the latest hot trend. We can see the difference now that we human beings are turning ourselves in nomophobics (Beale, K. and Villeneuve, P. 2011). With the advancement in the mobile phone field the use of social media has also boosted it can be said that it has provided fuel to the fi re. Now in this Smartphone era we can easily access any site just from a single touch or tap. These days these mobile phones are so powerful and advanced that their capability is far beyond average educated individual. Mobile phones have made the passageway to social media more easy and accessible, which has turned social media into an unstoppable monster. Now social media has also a bright side, it has also changed the lifestyle of smart and conscious human beings. Because of the power of connectivity it has given birth to new business and generated employment opportunities for some individuals. Many firms, business, organizations, government, educational institutions and different entities of different sectors have utilized the benefit of social media for growth and expansion of their business. With the help of social media they have pushed the boundaries and they have taken their business to the next level. The government has also executed many plans and policies with the help of this medium. The government has made the citizens awarded about plans on sites like Face book, Twitter, YouTube and many more popular sites where public traffic is most. It can be said that social media has both good and bad side, it depends on us that which side we need to follow .Ultimately it depends on us because the usage of a thing makes it bad or good not its presence in our lives. Australian society and social media Social media has affected the Australian society in a crucial manner. It has changed the lives of many young as well as old Australians positively as well as negatively totally depending upon the usage. Now internet has become very important or vital these days. It is eating a large quantum of time in their lives. As they grow they are getting more addicted to its usage because of the advancement of society, psychological reasons and escape from busy life (Mandal, P. n.d.). Moreover they are getting entertained by social media stunts; ironically they are finding a sense of relief by living a life in a digital world .This digital world is purely different from the real world. This digital world is just an establishment based on profile, images and statuses copied or created whichever possible. Teenagers are fascinated to this fake world because of real insecurities they have in their lives .They can make a great profile of their own according to their needs and the connections which t hey want to make .Like other people Australian childrens and elders are living lives in a busy environment. They are living lives in a scheduled format consisting of activities arranged according to the priorities .Basically they just need a sense of refreshment from their lives so usage of social media is quite an appropriate one. But slowly and steadily the interest in their organized schedule starts disappearing as they get more involved and active on social media. Teenagers of Australia are getting more attracted to this media like teenagers of other society which is common in nature as beneath that uniform we all are the same. For the teenagers social media is like a sort of a "completing" activity. The content on social media is very broad and easily accessible as stated earlier. This availability of large content is a strong attraction for the youngsters, slowly this attraction and fascination turns into a strong addiction which cannot be cut off easily. Now we are living in an mobile dominant age where smart phones, tablets are occupying our lives. These days smart phones are getting cheap day by day because of the stiff competition and increased mobile producing companies (Ferguson, A. n.d.). Because of this cheapness every young Australian can afford a Smartphone which is equipped with internet and other advanced facilities. Once they get their hands on this gadget they can enter in the world of social media without any blockage. Nobody can stop these independent individuals, parental control is very limited so they can easily enjoy surfing and browsing easily over the internet .Now days these smart phones contain in built social media apps and the user can also download apps .Apps is the short form of applications or mobile softwares made for a particular use and suitability. Mobile phones consist of in built social media apps like face book, YouTube, twitter etc. They just need to enter the ID and Password and with a one click they can enter in the digital world. The main use of social media is communication with closed people like family members, friends and acquaintances with whom you have a strong offline relationship. But as the available content is more than the expectations the young individuals start making connections with unknown people who may be attractive to them in a sort of way. But at the end of the day they are still unknown because they have not interacted with each other in person. This whole cycle of texting at night as well in the free time results in an mutual addiction .This addiction turns into poison killing slowly from inside because of the insecurities which they posses under their skin (Beale, K. and Villeneuve, P. 2011). The people of Australia are getting attached to this gadget. They are turning nomophobic which is quite dangerous. It seems like mobile phones are becoming survival necessity which is humorous. The overuse of mobile phones and social media is the reason why the young individuals as well average aged individuals are facing many health problem, they are facing mental as well psychological problems .Their lifestyle is getting hampered from over use of these gadgets. Many accidents are also caused by the use of mobile phones. While driving the attention gets divided resulting in an accident. Half of the population of Australia is addicted to mobile phones. This results in diversion from the goals, depression and anxiety among young Australians. Majority of the Australians are getting attached with this gadget .Habits are getting affected, daily lifestyle, health and the mindset is also getting affected when the attachment gets strong. Positive and negative impact of two social media platforms Facebook the most popular social media platform has influence the whole globe; it has left no corner of the world untouched. It has more than eight hundred million users and still counting as it increases day by day vehemently. Facebook has changed the whole scenario of the communication world Positive Impacts Facebook has greatly influenced the Australians minds. Facebook has brought people together with the power of connectivity. Facebook has helped many Australian companies to expand their business at a national as well as at an international level .It has given them the power of advertisement, promotion and marketing at a wide scale. Facebook has given them a channel to excel in the business through exposure to wide amount of people. These days one of the best ways to stay in touch with each other is facebook .No other social media site can beat facebook in terms of connectivity and easy usage. The environment which facebook provide is very ideal. Using facebook is also not complex. People can easily learn and stay connected with their closed ones .They only require an internet connection and an ID to use this site. The people can easily find their closed ones on facebook they just need to type their name and they can recognize them with the help of the profile picture and personal det ails. Facebook is also a good way of making new friends. A person who is not so social and shy in nature can easily make new friends with the help of this site. On this site you can add many friends from all over the globe. The people are free to post about anything on this site (Cottom, N. 2014). They can express their views, ideas, beliefs and state of mind without any restrictions. The teenagers as well as the elder people can easily post pictures on this site. Facebook is also helpful in times of natural calamities; the groups on facebook provided a helping hand in times of 2011 floods in Australia by making the people aware about the flood based areas .These groups played an important role in sharing information and pictures of flood, it helped the whole community by keeping it updated with all the consequent events .The people who stayed near the flooded area were keeping the other people aware by posting status updates and sharing images on the site. This shows the power of c onnectivity which is possessed by this site. This site proved to be more powerful than any other site in terms of communication. Negative impacts Just like two sides of a coin facebook has also a dark side or the negative side. The young teenagers of Australia are getting too much addicted to this site .As we all know excess use of anything can be dangerous similarly too much use of this social networking site can be very harmful to the health and can create psychological problems. It can cause problems like depression, anxiety, memory loss, too much late night texting can affect the biological cycle of young individuals .Moreover getting too much attached with this site can cause diversion from important activities of day to day life. Teenagers are trying to find an escape from reality and responsibilities .but in this process they are ruining their lives without being aware of it. One of the recent trends which is popular on this site is entering into an digital relationship the base being long duration of chats and calls. And after few months the tie becomes loose as the attraction decreases (Issott, A. and Addo, N. 2008). This thing is very common in teenagers these days as they are dedicating a huge part of their time to this site ignoring the important activities. Many researchers have agreed on a fact that entering into a useless relationship on this site is nothing but just a waste of time. The aftermath of this relation is quite toxic affecting the mindset of the young teenagers who are not so mentally strong. Cyber bullying is also quite common and easy on this site. Especially teenagers are getting bullied and harassed on this site. Some people are especially targeted by a group of people. As there is no parental control the problem of bullying is more which results in depression among weak minds. The people of Australia are also being cheated by fraudulent practices .Some individuals are sending emails purporting to be from famous companies and obtaining their private information, like passwords and credit card numbers. There are scammers who harass facebook users by obtaining their personal information from their ID, they make a fake ID with the same name and similar picture, they post status which can hamper the relations of the real individual .Even they can send distress messages to their closed ones with the same ID and create tension in their lives (Mansfield, H. 2012). Facebook cannot be whole heartedly reliable as sometimes the information which is posted is not accurate fully. Sometimes wrong information is posted intentionally just to disturb people and cause havoc reason can be personal or anything else .Facebook also causes anxiety about oneself, lack of confidence as people start comparing each other with other people which is quite unhealthy and useless. Facebook is a very open site the restrictions are very less so stalking is very easy on this social networking site. Any individual from any corner of the world can stalk your ID and steal your information just by viewing your profile and facebook wall which is quite dangerous. Positive and negative impacts of Smartphones Positive Impacts Smartphones have also affected the Australian minds and their way of living to a great extent. Smart phones are getting very popular these days among teenagers. Moreover they are more affordable because of the cheap rates. The reason behind these cheap rates is the stiff competition among mobile producing companies. Mobile phones had made communication very easy and powerful, this is why it is becoming an important necessity for survival (Mulliner, C. 2012). Mobile phones are well equipped with a variety of facilities which has made living life easy. These days mobile phones come with in -built apps which are very useful in our day to day activities. There are so many business related apps as well as heath related apps which are quite beneficial for the people These smart phones are very easy to use they are not so complex. Smart phones provide a great scope to learn and explore many things, they develop personality of people. Mobile phones are also a source of entertainment we can p lay games, surf over the internet visit new sites and download many applications. With a single Smartphone we can do many tasks at a single time. Day after day more advanced and updated smart phones are launched in the market. Smart phones are also beneficial from educational point of view many schools, and colleges have official apps which are used to connect all the students. These apps also have in built lessons and tutorials which guides the students in homes in case if they miss anything in their class. Smart phones also provide utility from business point of view many business companies execute their business through specially designed apps. Many business units have used mobile phones as a medium to promote and expand their business activities all across the globe. Smart phones are used by employees to to remain in touch with their work any colleagues from any place (Pollentine, B. 2011). Smart phones have changed the whole communication scenario through video chatting meeting s can be done among people living in the different parts of the world. A large amount of the Australian youth use smart phones to satisfy several needs and their mobile phone usage is regular with everyday lives. Through this gadget they are using social media apps to connect to their closed ones. Smart phones are easy way to stay connected with friends, family and relatives with single touch we can remain in touch with people. Many developers have made applications which are based on health and these applications have helped people to fight diseases .Thus smart phones have a changed lives of people in a better way .It has improved the life style of people and provided them the faculties to better their lives. Negative Impact As stated earlier too much of everything is bad. Similarly using too much smart phones can be very harmful for the health. Half of the population of Australia is addicted to this gadget. Their life without this gadget is impossible to imagine. They are becoming slaves of this gadget by overusing it (Stephanidis, C. 2013). This addiction is very deadly from health point of view as stated earlier. Because of the popularity and acceptance and affordability young Australians are getting access to internet without any blockage. Research has proved that teenagers are becoming victims of cyber bullying which is quite common on social sites these days. Moreover excess use of these gadgets results in distraction and long term depression .Late night texting on social media and messenger apps have ruined lives of teenagers. They are creating a habitual cycle by using smart phones too much than required. Because of this addiction many people check their smart phones every five to ten minutes whi ch is quite comical. Many people sleep with their smart phones which is a very harmful habit as smart phones release some radiations which are bad for health (Wiederhold, B. and Riva, G. 2012). The gaming apps are causing diversion in the young children; they are not studying and wasting time by playing games on their smart phones. This results in bad academic results and poor education. People are chatting over texts they are not meeting people in person .With the advancement in the texting world of smart phones face to face conversations are getting disappeared slowly and progressively. People are forgetting about the surroundings they are living in they are so focused on their mobile screens that they forget that they are walking on a street or they are coming down through a stairway .They run into poles and trees sometimes accidents occur just cause of the dedication they show towards their mobile phones. Family and social relationships are also ruined because of the excess use of smart phones. Parents are talking to their children while they are busy checking out status and pages which is quite strange (Yang, B., Zheng, P. and Ni, L. 2007). Everything starts with mobile phones and ends with mobile phones. Through long term chats people get addicted to strangers and they develop a mutual addiction which is pointless and useless. And when this addiction ends it results in pain, depression and trauma which affect the life deeply. They lose focus on their work they live lives in a state of distress. Concluding it can be said that this device should be restricted to the benefits it provide one should not become slave of this device by getting addicted. References Aubert, M. and Gusev, A. (2008). Quick recipes on Symbian OS. Chichester, England: John Wiley. Babin, S. (2007). Developing software for Symbian OS. Chichester, England: John Wiley Sons. Beale, K. and Villeneuve, P. (2011). Museums at play. Edinburgh: MuseumsEtc. Cottom, N. (2014). Nurses' perceptions, barriers, and perceived need for a smartphone application guiding wound care. Bozeman, Montana: Montana State University. Ferguson, A. (n.d.). Smartphone bullying. Harvard Medical School Commentaries on Health. (n.d.). . Issott, A. and Addo, N. (2008). Common design patterns for Symbian OS. Chichester, England: John Wiley and Sons. Mandal, P. (n.d.). Proceedings of the International Conference on Managing the Asian Century. Mansfield, H. (2012). Social media for social good. New York: McGraw-Hill. Mulliner, C. (2012). Mobile Phone Security. Saarbrucken: Sudwestdeutscher Verlag fur Hochschulschriften. Navigating recent mobile patent lawsuits. (n.d.). . Omid-Zohoor, K., Lee, T., Wong, S. and Dutton, R. (2012). Dual-band CMOS power amplifiers. Pollentine, B. (2011). Appcelerator Titanium Smartphone App Development Cookbook. Birmingham: Packt Publishing, Limited. Post, P. and Post, P. (n.d.). Emily Post's the etiquette advantage in business. Stephanidis, C. (2013). HCI International 2013 - Posters' extended abstracts. Berlin: Springer. Symbian for Software Leaders. (2005). Wiley. Wiederhold, B. and Riva, G. (2012). Annual review of cybertherapy and telemedicine 2012. Amsterdam: IOS Press. Woyke, E. (n.d.). The smartphone. Yang, B., Zheng, P. and Ni, L. (2007). Professional Microsoft smartphone programming. Indianapolis, IN: Wrox/Wiley.

Low Fertility Rate free essay sample

Singapore’s baby shortfall worsened last year when the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) sank to a historic low of 1. 16. That is down from 1. 22 in 2009, and way below the replacement level of 2. 1 (Li, 2011). Declining fertility rates is one of Singapore greatest challenges, bringing with it both economic and social impact. In addition, it is also a key- ­? contributing factor towards Singapore’s inescapable ageing population. 2. 2 Definitions 2. 2. 1 Total Fertility Rate A population’s total fertility rate refers to the average number of hildren that would be born per female, if all females live through their childbearing years of 15- ­? 49 and bear children according to a given set of age- ­? specific fertility rates. (Ministry Of Community Development, Youth Sports, 2010) 2. 2. 2 Ageing Population Ageing population refers to a situation where an increase in number of elderly, and a decrease in number of newborn babies lead to a shift in the median age distri bution of a population. We will write a custom essay sample on Low Fertility Rate or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Reasons for falling fertility rates 2. 3. 1 Lack of economic means to raise a child High direct cost of raising a child 3 Written Report: Low Fertility Rates The asic costs of raising a child in Singapore include the costs of pregnancy and delivery, infant care, childcare and education. Besides, there are other additional living allowances as well as the possible extra holiday trips that need to be considered. A report by The Sunday Times (2010, as cited in â€Å"1 Million to†, 2010) estimated that the cost of raising 2 children in Singapore is about $1 million. These high costs act as a deterrent for couples to have children in Singapore, resulting in low fertility rates. Late entry into work force due to national service The mandatory two- ­? year national service delays the Singaporean male’s entry into the work force, delaying his ability to support a family till a later age. Since couples usually seek financial stability before they start a family, this has caused couples to delay their plans to have children, thereby contributing to lower fertility rates. Other economic commitments The high costs of living in Singapore currently take up a large portion of the monthly income of Singaporeans. Coupled with the rising property prices and costs of owning a car, there is less incentive for couples to start a family, since having children would only add to their financial burden. 2. 3. Lack of social means to raise a child Long working hours The high stress levels and long working hours in Singapore have been proven by many studies. According to an article â€Å"Don’t blame lack† by the International Labor Organization (2010), workers in Singapore clocked the most number of working hours per week among twelve nations in the survey. Such a phenomenon lowers fertility rates since couples might feel that they would not be able to care for their children due to long working hours. Both parties in work force The common phenomenon that both husbands and wives hold full- ­? time jobs also directly affects ouples’ willingness to raise children. Work stress endured by both parties leaves little time and energy for childcare and couples might be more hesitant when making a decision to have children. 2. 3. 3 Environmental factors Large influx of immigrants In order to cope with the declining population, Singapore has developed a sound immigration policy to attract the work force necessary to grow our economy. As of 2010, approximately 35 of every 100 people living in Singapore are PRs, or foreigners 4 Written Report: Low Fertility Rates on work permits or study visas (Department Of Statistics Singapore, 2011). Many f these non- ­? citizens can be viewed as transient residents with no intention of settling down permanently in Singapore. While no official studies have been carried out, it is postulated that the fertility rate of these non- ­? citizens is much lower than that of Singapore citizens, pulling down our national fertility rate as a whole (Chong Lee Ming, 2009). Influence from western culture As a cosmopolitan city, Singaporeans have also been greatly influenced by western culture. The westernized new age culture of cohabitation in place of marriage has taken root with the younger generation of Singaporeans. Hence, ithout the bond of marriage, the traditional view of having children in a family is gradually watered down. Increasing focus on hedonism With increasing emphasis placed on consumerism, the younger generation of Singaporeans has become more interested in pursuing material goods and pleasures for oneself instead of spending efforts on fostering relationships. As a result, children, in their opinion, are more likely to be a chore than a gift, as was in traditional cultures. 2. 4 Impacts 2. 4. 1 Economic consequences Tapering of economic growth While a low fertility rate does not have a direct impact on the economy, ts impact can be felt over the long term. Children are the work force for tomorrow, and given the situation of a declining fertility rate over the past 2 decades, there has been a shrinking citizen labour force, as more citizens are reaching retirement age without corresponding new entrants, stifling economic growth. Dwindling supply of local workforce The low fertility rate will lead to a lack of young talent in the future, and result in a huge imbalance in the human resource market. The average age of the workforce in Singapore will also consequently increase, and the older generation might be encouraged to elay their retirement. Moreover, the lack of employees may force companies to increase staff workload, thereby increasing their burden. High dependency on foreign talent 5 Written Report: Low Fertility Rates Due to the lack of young local talent, businesses would need to rely on immigrants to ensure that the economic system functions smoothly. These companies may be forced to increase employee salaries and improve perks, in order to attract foreign job applicants, leading to an increase in staffing costs. Social consequences Increased financial burden With a smaller younger generation supporting the ncreasing number of elderly dependents, there will be a greater strain on government welfare schemes and taxpayers resources. The increased demand for healthcare facilities might inevitably result in rising healthcare costs. More stress and longer working hours Due to the possible shortfall in employees, companies might need to increase employee workload and extend working hours to sustain productivity. This might then create another social problem, where a higher level of stress and longer working hours lead to a weakening of family ties or bonding between married couples. This might act as a deterrent for ouples to have children, and further exacerbate the issue of low fertility rates. Dilution of local culture due to immigration As we place a greater reliance on immigration to sustain the population in Singapore, there’s a possibility that the huge proportion of immigrants will g reatly alter Singapore culture, and gradually dilute the traditional values of our society. 3. 0 Stakeholder analysis The stakeholders in this issue can be defined in the following diagram: th Source: Bucholtz , Carroll: Business and Society 7 edition, Chapter 3, pg85 6 Written Report: Low Fertility Rates Potential childbearing Singaporean ouples (Dominant Stakeholder) This group has legitimacy and power. Only they have the power to alter the fertility rate in Singapore. They have legitimacy, as they will form part of the ageing population in the future. However, they would not have urgency as they might feel that other priorities should take precedence instead of procreation. The current Singaporean work force (Dependent Stakeholder) Some elderly might be encouraged to extend their retirement due to the slow turnover rate of younger people succeeding their jobs. Such consequences will bring both economic and social problems to Singapore. Therefore, hey hold legitimacy and urgency but not power. Potential Immigrants (Dormant Stakeholder) Immigrants could be a possible solution in solving the low fertility rate problem (Cheow Xin Yi, 2011). The potential immigrants have the power to decide whether to immigrate to Singapore and therefore contribute to the solution for the low birthrate or not, however they have no urgency and legitimacy as this problem is not of concern to them. Government (Definitive Stakeholder) The government has legitimacy, urgency and power. Low fertility rate is an issue faced by the state, and it is their job to solve such matters.

Centered Care Initiative Essays

Centered Care Initiative Essays Centered Care Initiative Paper Centered Care Initiative Paper The initiative can be implemented as soon as there is a consensus from the team to be committed to adapting a changed mindset in how the operations approach would take place. It would be when a commitment is done towards a vision of providing total quality health care through a family-centered initiative in the ICU. Within a time period of a couple of months or more, the leader together with the key players in the hospital would undergo a series of meetings and research regarding the family-centered-care initiatives in other hospitals and how it could be conducted in this institutions. The concerns of the staff members addressed during forums in the past before the initiative was approved would be considered and would be addressed in the said planning and research stages. During this stage, the educational materials that would be used in the seminars would be compiled. When the planning and research stage has been concluded, the staff can then launch at least a month long of announcement and scheduling regarding the introduction of the initiative as well as the posting of schedules for the seminars that would take place to equip the staff members regarding this implementation. This would also provide for ample time to reserve the venue as well as reproduce the educational materials to be used in the said seminars. Proper research should be done so the staff would be able to implement an evidence based approach. For four months or more, a series of seminars would be conducted with the educational materials designed to promote the importance of the perspective of the patients and the families in the care-giving process and how they are valued member of the staff. It would also provide for techniques and important considerations to inform the staff of their specific responsibilities as well as how they would efficiently relate to the families of the patients. They must learn from the other hospital who has adapted the same approach even it was in different units. During this time, the staff would also learn the rules they need to adhere to uphold the input of the families at the same time not compromise the quality of the medical practice in the ICU. Such seminars would change the staff’s perception about the patients (Conway et al. 2006). It would also make the staff aware of the current literature available as education always leads to better equipment for the staff (Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center). By the end of such seminars for the medical staff, there would be a recognized need to develop a new culture to address more problems but until then, it is an unceasing process of adapting a culture until it has become the new normalcy. By the commitment of the staff into professing the significance of the patients and families as essential to the development of the health of the patients, this project can speed up its course. It would also lead to an eradication of misconceptions about the family-centered care approach and how it can be adaptable in the ICU (Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center). The advantages and barriers would be set out and in that way, there would be contingency plans that that staff would be able to plan out before hand (Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center). The team can now venture into inviting families to participate in the initiative. Initial seminars directly for families can give them confidence regarding the roles that they may play with this new program. It is important to include them because they are also stakeholders in the initiative as well as beneficiaries. The stage would be trust-building. This is very important and it can be done through dialogue with the leaders and with the patients and families themselves. It can be developed over time simultaneously as they are adapting the new system. Once the procedure of including the families gets practiced over and over again, the staff would have an easier time in providing a customer service approach in the process of the patients’ recovery. When the staff is able to enlist families into the program, seminars and training programs would then take place once again, this time for the family members involved in the collaboration (Conway et al. 2006). From such seminars, other family members from different units or hospitals who have already adapted such a system can actually share their experiences with a family-centered approach (Conway et al. 2006). With this, the family can be confident that such procedures could work, even in the ICU, in fact more so in the ICU. The stakeholders would be the patients, the families and the medical team. The medical team would to be the core group that adapts members of the families of the ICU patients and should facilitate the collaboration. This team includes the attending physicians, the nurses, the specialists and the unit manager. They have to be educated not only in the condition of the patients and the possible scenarios that would take place but in terms of addressing the needs of the families as well as empathizing with them in this critical time. When discussions and collaborations occur, it is imperative that at least the staff has already undergone trainings for it and has already accepted the shared vision for the initiative. Commitment is the top qualification for this initiative to be successful. The staff members who are not committed to the vision of the initiative must not join collaborations just yet because it may provide some negative energy in the mixed team of medical and non-medical team. Evaluation Process Overall Process. The process of shifting from a traditional culture into a new one can be very risky and fearsome for an organization to adapt. There are number of things to have to consider before actually implementing it. The number one consideration would be the reception of the people. When they are so used to an environment of control over the families and the patients, taking this control may lead to different things. However, the good overweighs the bad. It is also safe to remind the ICU staff that other units in the hospital have been commended for applying similar programs as seen with the feedbacks of the patients seen through the letters of gratitude the hospital receives from the patients. In the ICU, there is a need to address those that are suffering psychologically and the organization has been neglecting that. The choice must be made between maintaining what is familiar and adapting what is needed in order to develop into a better health care institutions. There must be a realization that all things that are gained hard are worth-having. Being able to connect with the families and providing them with a sense of purpose as well as seeing there significance in the process can open up a lot of opportunities for more change that brings about progress. It is similar to adapting a new pair of eyes and having new pairs of hands that help in the process in the person of accepting the families as part of the health care team. Staffing would not be a problem as much as before, if it ever was, because there are new members of the team and the patients came with them. Having to develop a common ground with the families and the staff was the hard part; compromise is not always an easy thing especially if both parties are accountable for something very important to them, for the patients, their family member’s welfare and for the medical teams, their profession. At the end of the day, the process of seeing eye to eye boils down to one thing, the patient’s well-being. It is important to practice ethical leadership and to recognize that both parties should not be against each other for power and control, but they should work together, collaborate for the highest possible quality of health care they can provide when they are in partnership. The realization that even if the medical staff, had done fine without the assistance of the families, they are given the chance to make their performance even better because of the new people in the team that has the same desires of providing good health to the patient under critical conditions. Evaluation of Procedures. Trainings and seminars are very effective in addressing the need for information for both families and the medical staff. It lays down the ground rules that are needed to establish a framework for a family-centered approach. It does not necessarily mean that the system would be perfect right away; one of the biggest barriers would be disappointments when things would not go smoothly when things start. Although, this is what the team should hope for, it should also be prepared by the barriers brought about by a lot of differences in terms of attitudes, education and perception. The practice of bouncing back from frustrating encounters must be developed (Stefano Wasylyshyn 2005). Leadership means having to cope with unpredictable circumstances (Stefano Wasylyshyn 2005). The high risk of operating in the intensive care unit heightens the stress of making mistakes. This is the reason why capabilities must be developed more in adapting to such instances. Empathy should also be developed (Stefano Wasylyshyn 2005). It could be started with the effort to heighten the sensitivity of the staff to the needs of the families, verbally and non-verbally communicated, the staff must always be aware of it (Stefano Wasylyshyn 2005). Adapting a shared vision is something that inspires the team to work together and to compromise for the sake of the good of the patient. A reminder of this concept always helps the team be of high spirits and be determined to work harder together. Changed Perceptions. The staff adapts a culture of safety that is translated in the availability of clinical information that is tools for an effective patient care (Institute of Family-Centered Care 2007). They see now the gravity of ineffective communication that lacks, this leads to miscoordination and vagueness in the procedures that families used to blindly permit to. They have adapted patient-centeredness that valued the families and promoted their adequacy in their roles for sharing the â€Å"decision-making, coordination and continuity of care, communication (ease of access to information, amount of information desired by patients and families, and timely disclosure of adverse events), timeliness of care, emotional and physical comfort, involvement of family as desired by the patient, and use of patient and family feedback to improve care† (Institute of Family-Centered Care 2007). This was seen as important before but highly neglected by the staff. The family also trusts in the system more and in their rights and abilities as family members in behalf of the patients. They have seen the effectiveness of the implementation as they have joined the team and have seen the efficiency due to better communication methods between them and the staff (Institute of Family-Centered Care 2007). There is also equity of health status for all populations served (Institute of Family-Centered Care 2007). The families need not to have medical degrees to have a valid say in the conditions of their family members. They have also gained confidence to be included in the collaboration as the trust that the staff and the family has developed became the bedrock for an effective operation (Sodomka 2006). They are respected and they are given the capability to respond to the knowledge and information given to them in a manner that they can understand. They also take part in the evaluation progress that could be for the further development of the procedure (Sodomka 2006). Feedback and focus group discussions were not the only way to improve the program anymore but a vital communication between the stakeholders (Sodomka 2006). There is also a realization that a change in the culture is actually possible in even in a high risk health care system (Sodomka 2006). There is lesser restriction, however things have become more progressive as patients and families exercise choices in the full extent and they are given more control, not only over their health providers but over the illness. Creative Leadership Practice Lessons from the Initiative. The initiative has taught a lot about being open-minded. It is alright to step out of the box. In a time of massive submissiveness, it is important to give people choices. Leaders are pioneers and they are the one who challenge the system and in this case the organizational culture (Kouzes 2003). More than choice, it is important to give people informed a choice as it empowers them. Leaders would want the people they reach to be empowered and be enabled to act on their own because of the influence of good leadership. The problem with traditional models is that they have been accepted for so long that changing them could mean deviation and that could translate into something unacceptable especially in a culture that involves very high risk. Leaders should empower their followers to take risks but he must also be ready to be accountable for the consequences (Kouzes 2003). To minimize the possibility of negative effects of certain changes, it is wise if the leader take the initiative to study and to research on the endeavor and to compare the circumstance and to make judgment from there. It is also important to talk to people and consider varying alternatives. It can be useful to watch out for avenues for this. Trainings and seminars are avenues that can provide massive opportunity to learn, to interact and to question. It must be vital for the organization to be teachable as well as for the leaders to be open to different alternatives as well. The perception of the families and the patients is given priority here. In a long time, their perception has been left in the dark and to actually open up new opportunities for them to voice out their concerns and to give them an active role gives the organization hope and empowers it to be better. However, the perception of the staff is also vital as they are the soldiers of the hospital. Leaders of change need to hear their concerns and empathize with their fears in order to make the change more feasible and more efficient (Cloud 2006). The initiative also pushed for a stronger character in terms of relating with different kinds of people. It is not only a communication on a minimal level anymore. It is intensive collaboration. The medical staff does not only communicate with medical people anymore in an in-depth level, they also do so with family members. Leadership Development. It is true that leaders should be visionaries, but in certain cases, realistic consideration must be done in order for the vision to be a reality (Kouzes 2003). There are cases wherein people would not give the responses that would be favorable for the initiative. However, this does not mean the initiative dies with one person disagreeing. It developed leadership in terms of actually having ownership over the project wherein the leader would do everything to protect it and to keep it afloat despite adversity and rejection (Cloud 2006). Accountability may be a big and scary word however it does develop the leader’s character. Planning and thinking things over has been the strongest training that can be taken out of this initiative as well as the ability to empathize with other people. It is always easier to assume how they are feeling but actually taking time to communicate changes the scenario a great deal (Institute for Family-Centered Care 2007). Leadership Perceptions. It is also a positive thing to be able to see your visions translate into realities as they become goals that are achievable. As the vision shifts into goals, it soon translates into something that is actually perceived and then implemented by the group. It starts with the time the leader took to care about the things that are not right and it is strengthened by determination, discernment, planning and encouragement from the staff and for the staff. This initiative has exemplified that concept of servant leadership wherein the passion for the vision would make the visionary serve the stakeholders in order for it to be a reality. The leader would go out of his comfort zone to talk to the different groups of stakeholders and empathize with them to actually know how they can be served better by this initiative and how the leader can make this initiative into a win-win situation. Leadership Credo. As a person who works for the health care industry, more than safety and proper implementation, empathy and compassion for the staff, the patients and the family’s tops should be a priority to truly serve the people around you and address their needs and to uphold the values of the organization, especially in the critical care unit of the ICU. References Cloud, H. (2006). Integrity. New York: HarperCollins. Conway, J. , Johnson, B. , Edgman-Levitan, S. , Schlucter, J. , Ford, D. , Sodomka, P. and Simmons, L. (2006). A Road Map for the Future. Institute for Family Centered Care. Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (n. d). Facilitator’s Guide on Family Centered Rounds. Kouzes, J. (2003). Business leadership: A Jossey-Bass Reader. San Francisco: Jossey Bass. Sodomka, P. (2006, August 20). Engaging patients families: A high leverage tool for health care leaders. Hospitals Health Networks (80)8. Stefano, S. Wasylyshyn, K. (2005). Integrity, courage, empathy (ICE): Three leadership essentials. Human Resource Plannin, (28)4, 5+.

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